2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘诀 — 定语从句
【常识办法】
先行词：名词或代词
定语从句
关系代词
关系词
关系副词
【 知 识 清 单】
定 语 从 句
常识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难题！
__________
定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词。 定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、 which、 whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词， 在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词、副词 | 用途 | 先行词 | 例句 |
that， who， whom | 主语 宾语 表语 | 人 | Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree? 你了解站在树下的女生是哪个吗? |
that，which | 主语 宾语 表语 | 物、时间、地 点、缘由
| She got a computer which／that her parents bought for her． 她有一台她的爸爸妈妈买给她的电脑。 |
whose
| 定语
| 人物
| The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard． 他的父亲是大夫的男生学习很刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine． 窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 |
when
| 状语 | 时间 | I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing． 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 |
where | 状语 | 地址
| This is the school where my mother works． 这就是我母亲工作的学校。 |
why
| 状语
| 缘由
| Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能讲解一下你迟到是什么原因吗? |
2、关系代词在定语从句中的使用方法：
1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。
This is the pen__________ you are looking for.
The girl __________ has long hair is my sister.
2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。
The bike __________ is made in Tianjin sells well.
The fish __________ we bought were not fresh.
3．who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。
The boy __________ broke the window is called Tom.
The person to __________ he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我爸爸。
4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。
The girl __________ bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女生叫Ann。
He lives in a house __________ widows open to the south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房屋。
3、只用which不需要that的状况：
1．在介词后只用which，不可以用that。
This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生打劫案的银行。
2．先行词本身是that时，只可以用which，不可以用that。
The clock is__________tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。
4、只用that不需要which的状况：
1．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只可以用that。
This is__________ mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最漂亮的山。
2．先行词被序数词修饰时只可以用that。
The __________ English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。
3. 先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修饰词时只可以用that。
Here are__________the books that I have.这就是我所有些书。
This is__________book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。
4．先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代词时，只可以用that。
Finally, the thief handed in ____________________that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。
5．先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只可以用that。
I can remember__________that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。
6．先行词是the one时，只可以用that。
This is __________that you want.这就是你想要的。
7．在以who引导的疑问句后，为了防止重复，只可以用that。
__________ is the girl that is standing there? 站在那边的那个女生是哪个？
5、在介词后只可以用whom，不可以用who。
The girl__________I talked just now is from America. 我刚刚与之谈话的那个女生是来自美国的。
6、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数维持一致。
Tom is one of the ____________________ from the USA. Tom是海量来自美国的男生中的一个。
Tom is the only__________ __________ from the USA. Tom是惟一从美国来的男生。
7、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：
当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，假如定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，要加介词或副词。
He is the old man who/whom we looked __________ last year.他是大家去年照顾的那个老人。
That is the book which I am looking __________.那就是我要找的书。
8、关系副词when与where的用法：
1．when指时间：
I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我将从来不会忘记大家在农场劳动的那段时光。
2．where指地址：
This is the house where he lived last year.这是他去年住的房屋。
9、定语从句与作定语的①动词不定式、②介词短语、③目前分词短语、④过去分词短语的转换：
She has much work __________.=She has much work __________.她有很多要做的工作。
The man __________ is Mr. Green.=The man __________ is Mr. Green.在车上的人是格林先生。
The girl __________ is my sister.=The girl __________ is my sister.在浇花的女生是我妹妹。
The boy __________ has come back to life.= The boy __________ has come back to life.从河里救起的男生苏醒过来了。
1. 用适合的关系词完成句子。
The man ______ /______ was here yesterday is a painter.
The man ______ /______ /______ /______ I saw is called Smith.
A child ______ parents are dead is called an orphan.
I’d like a room ______ window looks out over the sea.
A letter ______ /_____ is written in pencil is hard to read.
The letter ______ / ______ /______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
That is the boy ______ / ______ / ______ / ______ you are looking for.
Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting？
This is the school ______ I used to study.
I still remember the day ______ we met for the first time.
【答案】
who/that
who/that/whom/不填
whose
whose
Which/that
Which/that/不填
Who/that/whom/不填
Why
Where
when
